
What do we mean by the word God? Ask a random hundred Americans. About sixty will believe in a personal god, 25 will believe in an impersonal force, seven won’t know which, and eight won’t believe in either.
Then ask a random hundred Europeans, and it gets even more ambiguous.
Only about forty will believe in a personal god, up to 33 will believe in a spirit or life force, fifteen won’t know which, and twelve will believe there is neither.
These figures are based on research by the Pew Forum and World Values Surveys. But the exact figures are not important. My point is that we cannot assume that the phrase “I believe in God” means anything like the same thing to each person who says it.
Religion and wealth are the two main factors that influence cultural values around the world. The influence of religion can be measured on a scale from traditional values to secular-rational values, and the influence of wealth can be measured on a scale from survival values to self-expression values.